James Longstreet - Civil War General

James Longstreet - Civil War General James Longstreet - Early Life Career: James Longstreet was conceived on January 8, 1821 in southwest South Carolina. The child of James and Mary Ann Longstreet, he spent his initial a very long time on the familys estate in upper east Georgia. During this time, his dad nicknamed him Peter because of his strong, rock-like character. This stuck and for quite a bit of his life he was known as Old Pete. When Longstreet was nine, his dad concluded that his child ought to follow a military profession and sent him to live with family members in Augusta to get superior instruction. Going to Richmond County Academy, he originally endeavored to pick up admission to West Point in 1837. James Longstreet - West Point: This fizzled and he had to hold up until 1838 when a family member, Representative Reuben Chapman of Alabama, acquired an arrangement for him. A poor understudy, Longstreet was additionally disciplinary issue while at the foundation. Graduating in 1842, he positioned 54th in a class of 56. Regardless of this, he was popular with different cadets and was companions with future enemies and subordinates, for example, Ulysses S. Award, George H. Thomas, John Bell Hood, and George Pickett. Leaving West Point, Longstreet was charged as a brevet second lieutenant and doled out the fourth US Infantry at Jefferson Barracks, MO. James Longstreet - Mexican-American War: While there, Longstreet met Maria Louisa Garland whom he would wed in 1848. With the episode of the Mexican-American War, he was invigorated and came aground close to Veracruz with the eighth US Infantry in March 1847. Some portion of Major General Winfield Scotts armed force, he served in the attack of Veracruz and the development inland. Over the span of the battling, he got brevet advancements to commander and major for his activities at Contreras, Churubusco, and Molino del Rey. During the ambush on Mexico City, he was injured in the leg at the Battle of Chapultepec while conveying the regimental hues. Recouping from his injury, he went through the years after the war positioned in Texas with time at Forts Martin Scott and Bliss. While there he filled in as the paymaster for the eighth Infantry and directed routine watches on the boondocks. In spite of the fact that pressure between the states was building, Longstreet was not an enthusiastic secessionist, however he was a defender of the tenet of states rights. With the episode of the Civil War, Longstreet chose for join up with the South. In spite of the fact that he was conceived in South Carolina and was brought up in Georgia, he offered his administrations to Alabama as that state had supported his admission to West Point. James Longstreet - Early Days of the Civil War: Leaving the US Army he was immediately dispatched as a lieutenant colonel in the Confederate Army. Venturing out to Richmond, VA, he met with President Jefferson Davis who educated him that had been designated a brigadier general. Doled out to General P.G.T. Beauregards armed force at Manassas, he was provided order of a unit of Virginia troops. In the wake of striving to prepare his men, he repulsed a Union power at Blackburns Ford on July 18. In spite of the fact that the detachment was on the field during the First Battle of Bull Run, it assumed little job. In the wake of the battling, Longstreet was incensed that the Union soldiers were not sought after. Elevated to significant general on October 7, he was before long provided order of a division in the new Army of Northern Virginia. As he arranged his men for the coming years crusading, Longstreet endured a serious individual disaster in January 1862 when two of his kids kicked the bucket from red fever. Already a cordial individual, Longstreet turned out to be progressively pulled back and serious. With the start of Major General George B. McClellans Peninsula Campaign in April, Longstreet turned in a progression of conflicting exhibitions. Despite the fact that viable at Yorktown and Williamsburg, his men created turmoil during the battling at Seven Pines. James Longstreet - Fighting with Lee: With the climb of General Robert E. Lee to armed force order, Longstreets job expanded significantly. At the point when Lee opened the Seven Days Battles in late June, Longstreet adequately directed a large portion of the military and got along nicely at Gaines Mill and Glendale. The rest of the crusade saw him solidly concrete himself as one of Lees boss lieutenants alongside Major General Thomas Stonewall Jackson. With the danger on the Peninsula contained, Lee dispatched Jackson north with the Left Wing of the military to manage Major General John Popes Army of Virginia.Longstreet and Lee followed with the Right Wing and joined Jackson on August 29 as he was facing the Second Conflict of Manassas. The following day, Longstreets men conveyed a monstrous flank assault which broke the Union left and drove Popes armed force from the field. With Pope vanquished, Lee moved to attack Maryland with McClellan in interest. On September 14, Longstreet battled a holding activity at South Moun tain, before conveying a solid protective presentation at Antietam three days after the fact. An insightful spectator, Longstreet came to get a handle on that the weapons innovation accessible gave a particular preferred position to the protector. In the wake of the crusade, Longstreet was elevated to lieutenant general and provided order of the recently assigned First Corps. That December, he set up his protective hypothesis as a regular occurrence when his order repelled various Union attacks against Maryes Heights during the Battle of Fredericksburg. In the spring of 1863, Longstreet and some portion of his corps were separated to Suffolk, VA to gather supplies and shield against Union dangers to the coast. Therefore, he missed the Battle of Chancellorsville. James Longstreet - Gettysburg the West: Meeting with Lee in mid-May, Longstreet supported for sending to his corps west to Tennessee where Union soldiers were winning key triumphs. This was denied and rather his men moved north as part Lees attack of Pennsylvania. This crusade finished with the Battle of Gettysburg on July 1-3. Over the span of the battling, he was entrusted with turning the Union left on July 2 which he neglected to do. His activities that day and the following when was accused of directing the grievous Picketts Charge drove numerous Southern theological rationalists to censure him for the thrashing. In August, he recharged his endeavors to have his men moved west. With General Braxton Braggs armed force under substantial tension, this solicitation was endorsed by Davis and Lee. Showing up during the beginning times of the Battle of Chickamauga in late September, Longstreets men demonstrated definitive and gave the Army of Tennessee one its couple of triumphs of the war. Conflicting with Bragg, Longstreet was requested to lead a battle against Union soldiers at Knoxville later that fall. This demonstrated a disappointment and his men rejoined Lees armed force in the spring. James Longstreet - Final Campaigns: Coming back to a recognizable job, he drove the First Corps in a key counterattack at the Battle of the Wilderness on May 6, 1864. While the assault demonstrated basic in turning around Union powers, he was seriously injured the correct shoulder by neighborly fire. Missing the rest of the Overland Campaign, he rejoined the military in October and was set in order of the Richmond safeguards during the Siege of Petersburg. With the fall of Petersburg toward the beginning of April 1865, he withdrew west with Lee to Appomattox where he gave up with the remainder of the military. James Longstreet - Later Life: Following the war, Longstreet settled in New Orleans and worked in a few business endeavors. He earned the fury of other Southern pioneers when he supported his old companion Grant for president in 1868 and turned into a Republican. In spite of the fact that this change earned him a few common help employments, including US Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, it made him an objective of Lost Cause advocates, for example, Jubal Early, who publically reprimanded him for the misfortune at Gettysburg. In spite of the fact that Longstreet reacted to these charges in his own diaries, the harm was done and the assaults proceeded until his demise. Longstreet kicked the bucket on January 2, 1904 at Gainesville, GA and was covered at Alta Vista Cemetery. Chosen Sources HistoryNet: James Longstreet Civil War: James Longstreet

Is Graffiti an Art or a Crime Essay

As the years progressed, individuals have communicated in various ways and habits. Some have picked photography, drawings or model. Others thought of new ways like spray painting which is another type of urban articulation that made questionable responses. I accept that some spray painting is an aesthetic presentation in view of its expressive nature, wonderful showcase, and inventive ways. Its remainder uncovers a criminal conduct since it utilizes others’ properties without authorization or thought, hurts the urban scene, and sends negative messages. The significant contrasts between the two recognitions are the point of the taggers and area of the labels. From one perspective, taggers have created delightful and expressive pieces that individuals increased in value. During a class excursion to 5 Pointz, an outside craftsmanship show space in Long Island City, New York, where spray painting is allowed and controlled. I represented couple of moments before a tag of spooky skulls encompassed by flares (The Picture). The skulls had a demeanor on their skinless appearances that caused me to feel like hearing the sound of those depicted individuals as though they were shouting out in torment with the sound of shrewdness chuckling out of sight. This blend of its magnificence and occupation caused me and my cohorts to appreciate the experience. Furthermore, in the wake of respecting the greatness of the labels, I imagined that those taggers must be extremely skilled and innovative to concoct such excellent works of art, particularly on those enormous surfaces and difficult to-arrive at places, remembering that they’re just utilizing shower paint. It makes you wonder how they could make every one of those blurring hues and conceals, and change exposed dividers into three dimensional articles. They positively are extremely innovative and profoundly talented. Prior to leaving the site, I saw that there was a transportation organization that really had spray painting craftsmen label its divider with trucks to make it all the more engaging workers, which confirms that individuals do like and value this craftsmanship as long as it has a place where it is allowed. Then again, I decry the impact that spray painting has had and keeps on having on our urban scene. That’s where it gets related with vandalism, in light of the fact that as opposed to labeling indicated places, taggers pick train vehicles, scaffolds and open dividers, which make the urban areas look untidy and hurried, driving the specialists to go through pointless cash to cover them up. Besides, the greater part of spray painting, particularly those done discretely and with no consent show pack names, foul language and senseless drawings which make numerous individuals consider it wrongdoing and viciousness. In McCann’s tale Let the Great World Spin, Ciaran was going with his sibling and looked over the van window to a congregation, and said â€Å"It was smeared in graffitiâ€whites, yellows, reds, silvers. Labels 173. GRACO 76. The recolored glass windows had been broken with little stones. Indeed, even the cross on top was labeled. † (McCann, 34). At the point when he said that even the cross was labeled, I believed that they were saying something that their pride and workmanship are above religion, and in this manner above different people’s convictions and emotions. Graffitists were attacking each surface, including consecrated and strict ones. It appeared that they discover their pleasure in what pesters and troubles their locale, much the same as the individual who gets delight in expending drugs that are harming his own body. They leave others tidy up, manage the injury of property harm, and miracle why their property turned into an objective, regardless of whether it was loathe and prejudice act, or only an instrument in somebody’s reckless experience. Though numerous individuals think that its difficult to classify spray painting, I believe that the taggers are the ones who make of it a craftsmanship or a wrongdoing dependent on their motivations and the areas they use. For example, when I go over a label that grabs my attention, regardless of whether it is outwardly charming, it irritates me a ton to see that the tagger made it with the goal of opposing the specialists, harming open or private property, or simply testing and reviling his adversaries, rather than making it to communicate and show his high ability. It loses its aesthetic worth and turns into a modest device for his noxious aims. I likewise accept that it relies vigorously upon where they’re setting up their work. In the event that a graffitist utilizes the dividers of my structure without my consent, I would not be upbeat, and I unquestionably would not think about that as a creative demonstration, however as a wild conduct indicating disregard. It is similarly as though somebody rode your bicycle, without your authorization, to play out certain tricks and afterward took it back to you and anticipated that you should value that. That is crazy. Conversely, if the tagger performs on a spot where it is controlled and allowed (like the 5 Pointz site), I would get the chance to see his pieces from a positive viewpoint. Taking everything into account, spray painting is essentially a masterful presentation that contains ability and tasteful vision. It likewise is exceptionally expressive and important. In any case, a few taggers use individuals’ and open properties without their consent showing pack like negative messages and vandalizing our urban view which makes huge numbers of it considered as a criminal demonstration. What recognizes spray painting being workmanship and spray painting as a demonstration of vandalism is the aim of its makers and the spots they decided to show their pieces. As individuals keep on living, there will keep on being developments of new strategies for social articulation.

Pressured Speech in Bipolar Disorder

Pressured Speech in Bipolar Disorder Bipolar Disorder Symptoms Mania and Hypomania Print Pressured Speech in Bipolar Disorder By Marcia Purse Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing. Learn about our editorial policy Marcia Purse Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on January 01, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 18, 2020 Bipolar Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Your Rights David Jakle / Image Source / Getty Images Everyone occasionally experiences a pressing desire to talkâ€"whether to share good news or an exciting or unusual experience. If you have bipolar disorder, however, a compulsive urge to talk might represent a symptom called pressured speech. This symptom occurs commonly in adults, adolescents, and children with bipolar disorder experiencing mania or hypomania. A rapid-fire speech pattern is one of the most frequent initial signs of bipolar disorder. It usually occurs with other common signs and symptoms, such as increased energy and activity; reduced need for sleep or insomnia; elevated mood; irritability, agitation, or jumpiness; and racing thoughts.?? Pressured speech alone does not necessarily indicate bipolar disorder. This symptom can occur with other mental and nervous system conditionsâ€"such as schizophrenia, dementia, and strokeâ€"and the use of certain drugs, like cocaine, methamphetamine, and phencyclidine (PCP). Characteristic Features of Pressured Speech Pressured speech differs from ordinary talkativeness and represents a noticeable change in a persons usual manner of speaking. It manifests  as a compelling, virtually irresistible desire to talk. A person experiencing this symptom feels driven to talk, typically for prolonged periods and faster than usual. Other common features include speaking loudly and emphatically, and talking over or interrupting others. Following the conversation can be challenging for the listener because someone with pressured speech also typically experiences racing thoughts. This leads to jumping rapidly from one topic to another, a sign called flight of ideas. With a hypomanic episode, the conversation may seem odd but generally logical. Pressured speech during a manic episode, however, usually leaves the listener confused because the conversation is characteristically disjointed, illogical, fantastical, or even scary. Addressing the Development of Pressured Speech If you or a loved one develops pressured speech and have not been previously diagnosed with bipolar disorder, medical evaluation is necessary to determine the underlying cause of this symptom. Among people known to have bipolar disorder, the development of this symptom usually signals the start of a hypomanic episode that might progress to full-blown mania.   If you have bipolar disorder, development of driven speech signals the need to seek help from your doctor?? or someone designated to work with you to help manage your condition, such as a friend or family member. Ideally, you and your designated helper will have worked out a strategy in advance to handle these episodes. For example, if you are able to identify a trigger that led to the episode, removing yourself from that environment or situation may help calm your symptoms. Getting out into nature, taking a walk, or listening to calming sounds might also help reduce your symptoms. If your symptoms are severe, intensify, or turn violent, it is best to make urgent contact with your doctor or emergency services. Treating the Underlying Condition Because pressured speech is a symptom and not a condition, it is important to address the root cause. Particularly among people not previously diagnosed with bipolar disorder, evaluation might involve testing to rule out other conditions, such as a brain injury or drug misuse. Extreme stress, anxiety, sleep deprivation, and medication changes are among the common triggers of a hypomanic or manic episode.?? In such cases, pressured speech and other accompanying symptoms might resolve on their own, with or without counseling. For severe, persistent or intensifying symptoms, however, medication may be needed along with counseling. People with mixed episode bipolar disorderâ€"where manic highs occur simultaneously or in rapid sequence with depressive lowsâ€"may require more intensive treatment. Mood stabilizers and/or antipsychotic medications are often prescribed. Temporary hospitalization may be necessary if a person is at risk for suicidal or violent actions during an episode. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

Mexican History

A Study On Computer Science - 1402 Words

A thirty-three-year-old Asian man, called a genius with a master’s degree in computer science, was sitting on a comfortable wooden chair in his own room, staring at his laptop, and continued typing â€Å"cheap flights.† As the search result came out, he unthinkingly clicked one by one, visiting each website labelled Google-branded ads. Ultimately, he got a good deal from OneTravel.com with 15 percent off. He thought he was smart by choosing the stickiest websites, but he didn’t know his search alternatives were set by a Big Salesman, namely Google. The more he clicked, the more he increased Google’s advertising profits. He is my brother, a computer programmer. He used to drive me crazy with his own scary program he created, Teamwork. The†¦show more content†¦By attacking solely users’ cravings, Google is able to take advantage of users’ habits to maximize its advertising profits. Specifically, it generates users’ cravings during their searches and targets advertising to them instantly. In the article â€Å"Selling You and Your Clicks: Examining the Audience Commodification Google,† the authors Hyunjin Kang and Matthew P. McAllister argue Google commodifies its users to advertisers through their search habits (150). According to the authors, to commodify its users through the Internet, Google implements â€Å"keyword-matching ads† by running AdWords and AdSense (147). Once users type keywords on the Google search engine, through AdWords, â€Å"a keyword-matching advertising service,† targeted advertisements which match the keywords automatically pop up on users’ pages (146). AdSense, â€Å"the cost-per-click† paradigm, is an exchangeable tool between Google and other advertisers who register for the program. The advertisers can choose their own keywords which are relevant to their business. Eventually, their ads will be displayed on Google-branded ads after they agree to â€Å"pay per click† (146). 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The Host Chapter 50 Sacrificed Free Essays

string(56) " I can give them the whole world, everything they want\." The Seeker scrutinized my face while Mel and I fought. No, Wanda, no! Don’t be stupid, Mel. You of all people should see the potential of this choice. We will write a custom essay sample on The Host Chapter 50: Sacrificed or any similar topic only for you Order Now Isn’t this what you want? But even as I tried to look at the happy ending, I couldn’t escape the horror of this choice. This was the secret I should die to protect. The information I’d been desperate to keep safe no matter what hideous torture I was put through. This was not the kind of torture I’d expected: a personal crisis of conscience, confused and complicated by love for my human family. Very painful, nevertheless. I could not claim to be an expatriate if I did this. No, I would be purely a traitor. Not for her, Wanda! Not for her! Mel howled. Should I wait? Wait until they catch another soul? An innocent soul whom I have no reason to hate? I’ll have to make the decision sometime. Not now! Wait! Think about this! My stomach rolled again, and I had to hunch my body forward and take a deep breath. I just managed not to gag. â€Å"Wanda?† Jeb called in concern. I could do it, Mel. I could justify letting her die if she was one of those innocent souls. I could let them kill her then. I could trust myself to make an objective decision. But she’s horrible, Wanda! We hate her! Exactly. And I can’t trust myself. Look at how I almost didn’t see the answer†¦ â€Å"Wanda, you all right?† The Seeker glared past me, toward Jeb’s voice. â€Å"Fine, Jeb,† I gasped. My voice was breathy, strained. I was surprised at how bad it sounded. The Seeker’s dark eyes flickered between us, unsure. Then she recoiled from me, cringing into the wall. I recognized the pose-remembered exactly how it felt to hold it. A gentle hand came down on my shoulder and spun me around. â€Å"What’s going on with you, hon?† Jeb asked. â€Å"I need a minute,† I told him breathlessly. I looked straight into his faded-denim eyes and told him something that was most definitely not a lie. â€Å"I have one more question. But I really need a minute to myself. Can you†¦ wait for me?† â€Å"Sure, we can wait a little while more. Take a breather.† I nodded and walked as quickly as I could from the prison. My legs were stiff with terror at first, but I found my stride as I moved. By the time I passed Aaron and Brandt, I was almost running. â€Å"What happened?† I heard Aaron whisper to Brandt, his voice bewildered. I wasn’t sure where to hide while I thought. My feet, like a shuttle on automatic pilot, took me through the corridors toward my sleeping room. I could only hope that it would be empty. It was dark, barely any light from the stars trickling down through the cracked ceiling. I didn’t see Lily till I tripped over her in the darkness. I almost didn’t recognize her tear-swollen face. She was curled into a tight, tiny ball on the floor in the middle of the passageway. Her eyes were wide, not quite comprehending who I was. â€Å"Why?† she asked me. I stared at her wordlessly. â€Å"I said that life and love go on. But why do they? They shouldn’t. Not anymore. What’s the point?† â€Å"I don’t know, Lily. I’m not sure what the point is.† â€Å"Why?† she asked again, not speaking to me anymore. Her glassy eyes looked right through me. I stepped carefully past her and hurried to my room. I had my own question that had to be answered. To my great relief, the room was empty. I threw myself facedown on the mattress where Jamie and I slept. When I’d told Jeb I had one more question, that was the truth. But the question was not for the Seeker. The question was for me. The question was would I-not could I-do it? I could save the Seeker’s life. I knew how. It would not endanger any of the lives here. Except my own. I would have to trade that. No. Melanie tried to be firm through her panic. Please let me think. No. This is the thing, Mel. It’s inevitable anyway. I can see that now. I should have seen it long ago. It’s so obvious. No, it isn’t. I remembered our conversation when Jamie was ill. When we were making up. I’d told her that I wouldn’t erase her and that I was sorry that I couldn’t give her more than that. It wasn’t so much a lie as it was an unfinished sentence. I couldn’t give her more than that-and stay alive myself. The actual lie had been given to Jared. I’d told him, just seconds later, that I didn’t know how to make myself not exist. In the context of our discussion, it was true. I didn’t know how to fade away, here inside Melanie. But I was surprised I hadn’t heard the obvious lie right then, hadn’t seen in that moment what I was seeing now. Of course I knew how to make myself not exist. It was just that I had never considered that option viable, ultimate betrayal that it was to every soul on this planet. Once the humans knew that I had this answer, the one they had murdered for over and over again, it would cost me. No, Wanda! Don’t you want to be free? A long pause. I wouldn’t ask you for this, she finally said. And I wouldn’t do it for you. And I sure as hell wouldn’t do it for the Seeker! You don’t have to ask. I think I might have volunteered†¦ eventually. Why do you think that? she demanded, her tone close to a sob. It touched me. I expected her to be elated. In part because of them. Jared and Jamie. I can give them the whole world, everything they want. You read "The Host Chapter 50: Sacrificed" in category "Essay examples" I can give them you. I probably would have realized that†¦ someday. Who knows? Maybe Jared would have asked. You know I wouldn’t have said no. Ian’s right. You’re too self-sacrificing. You don’t have any limits. You need limits, Wanda! Ah, Ian, I moaned. A new pain twisted through me, surprisingly close to my heart. You’ll take the whole world away from him. Everything he wants. It would never work with Ian. Not in this body, even though he loves it. It doesn’t love him. Wanda, I†¦ Melanie struggled for words. Still, the joy I expected from her did not come. Again, this touched me. I don’t think I can let you do this. You’re more important than that. In the bigger picture, you are of much more value to them than I am. You can help them; you can save them. I can’t do any of that. You have to stay. I can’t see any other way, Mel. I wonder how I didn’t see it sooner. It seems so completely obvious. Of course I have to go. Of course I have to give you yourself back. I already knew we souls were wrong to come here. So I don’t have any choice now but to do the right thing, and leave. You all survived without me before; you’ll do it again. You’ve learned so much about the souls from me-you’ll help them. Can’t you see? This is the happy ending. It’s the way they all need the story to finish. I can give them hope. I can give them†¦ not a future. Maybe not that. But as much as I can. Everything I can. No, Wanda, no. She was crying, becoming incoherent. Her sorrow brought tears to my eyes. I’d no idea that she cared so much for me. Almost as much as I cared for her. I hadn’t realized that we loved each other. Even if Jared had never asked me for this, even if Jared did not exist†¦ Once this path had occurred to me, I would have had to proceed down it. I loved her that much. No wonder the success rate for resistant hosts was so low here on Earth. Once we learned to love our human host, what hope did we souls have? We could not exist at the expense of one we loved. Not a soul. A soul could not live that way. I rolled myself over and, in the starlight, I looked at my body. My hands were dirty and scratched, but under the surface blemishes, they were beautiful. The skin was a pretty sun-browned color; even bleached in the pale light, it was pretty. The nails were chewed short but still healthy and smooth, with little half moons of white at the bases. I fluttered my fingers, watching the muscles pull the bones in graceful patterns. I let them dance above me, where they became black fluid shapes against the stars. I ran them through my hair. It was almost to my shoulders now. Mel would like that. After a few weeks of shampoo in hotel showers and Health vitamins, it was glossy and soft again. I stretched my arms out as far as they would go, tugging against the tendons until some of my joints cracked. My arms felt strong. They could pull me up a mountainside, they could carry a heavy load, they could plow a field. But they were also soft. They could hold a child, they could comfort a friend, they could love†¦ but that was not for me. I took a deep breath, and tears welled out of the corners of my eyes and rolled down my temples into my hair. I tensed the muscles in my legs, felt their ready strength and speed. I wanted to run, to have an open field that I could race across just to see how fast I could go. I wanted to do this barefoot, so I could feel the earth beneath my feet. I wanted to feel the wind fly through my hair. I wanted it to rain, so that I could smell it in the air as I ran. My feet flexed and pointed slowly, to the rhythm of my breathing. In and out. Flex and point. It felt nice. I traced my face with my fingertips. They were warm on my skin, skin that was smooth and pretty. I was glad I was giving Melanie her face back the way it had been. I closed my eyes and stroked my eyelids. I’d lived in so many bodies, but never one I loved like this. Never one that I craved in this way. Of course, this would be the one I’d have to give up. The irony made me laugh, and I concentrated on the feel of the air that popped in little bubbles from my chest and up through my throat. Laughter was like a fresh breeze-it cleaned its way through the body, making everything feel good. Did other species have such a simple healer? I couldn’t remember one. I touched my lips and remembered how it felt to kiss Jared, and how it felt to kiss Ian. Not everyone got to kiss so many other beautiful bodies. I’d had more than some, even in this short time. It was just so short! Maybe a year now, I wasn’t completely sure. Just one quick revolution of a blue green planet around an unexceptional yellow star. The shortest life of any I’d ever lived. The shortest, the most important, the most heartbreaking of lives. The life that would forever define me. The life that had finally tied me to one star, to one planet, to one small family of strangers. A little more time†¦ would that be so wrong? No, Mel whispered. Just take a little more time. You never know how much time you’ll have, I whispered back. But I did. I knew exactly how much time I had. I couldn’t take any more time. My time was up. I was going anyway. I had to do the right thing, be my true self, with what time I had left. With a sigh that seemed to come all the way from the soles of my feet and the palms of my hands, I got up. Aaron and Brandt wouldn’t wait forever. And now I had a few more questions that I needed answered. This time, the questions were for Doc. The caves were full of sad, cast-down eyes. It was easy enough to slip unobtrusively past them all. No one cared what I was doing right now, except maybe Jeb, Brandt, and Aaron, and they weren’t here. I didn’t have an open, rainy field, but at least I had the long south tunnel. It was too dark to run flat out the way I wanted, but I kept up a steady jog. It felt good as my muscles warmed. I expected I would find Doc already there, but I’d wait if I had to. He would be alone. Poor Doc, that was usually the case now. Doc had been sleeping alone in his hospital since the night we’d saved Jamie’s life. Sharon had taken her things from their room and moved them to her mother’s, and Doc wouldn’t sleep in the empty room. Such a great hatred. Sharon would rather kill her own happiness, and Doc’s, too, than forgive him for helping me heal Jamie. Sharon and Maggie were barely a presence in the caves anymore. They looked past everyone now, the way they used to look past only me. I wondered if that would change when I was gone, or if they were both so rigid in their grudge that it would be too late for them to change. What an extraordinarily stupid way to waste time. For the first time ever, the south tunnel felt short. Before I thought I’d gone halfway, I could see Doc’s light glowing dimly from the rough arch ahead. He was home. I slowed myself to a walk before I interrupted him. I didn’t want to scare him, to make him think there was an emergency. He was still startled when I appeared, a little breathless, in the stone doorway. He jumped up from behind his desk. The book he was reading fell out of his hands. â€Å"Wanda? Is something wrong?† â€Å"No, Doc,† I reassured him. â€Å"Everything’s fine.† â€Å"Does someone need me?† â€Å"Just me.† I gave him a weak smile. He walked around his desk to meet me, his eyes wide with curiosity. He paused half a step away and raised one eyebrow. His long face was gentle, the opposite of alarming. It was hard to remember how he’d looked like a monster to me before. â€Å"You are a man of your word,† I began. He nodded and opened his mouth to speak, but I held one hand up. â€Å"No one will ever test that more than I will test it now,† I warned him. He waited, eyes confused and wary. I took a deep breath, felt it expand my lungs. â€Å"I know how to do what you’ve been ending so many lives to discover. I know how to take the souls from your bodies without harm to either. Of course I know that. We all have to, in case of an emergency. I even performed the emergency procedure once, when I was a Bear.† I stared at him, waiting for his response. It took him a long moment, and his eyes grew wilder every second. â€Å"Why are you telling me this?† he finally gasped. â€Å"Because I†¦ I am going to give you the knowledge you need.† I held up my hand again. â€Å"But only if you will give me what I want in return. I’m warning you right now, it won’t be any easier for you to give me what I want than it will be for me to give you what you want.† His face was fiercer than I’d ever seen it. â€Å"Name your terms.† â€Å"You can’t kill them-the souls you remove. You must give me your word-your promise, your oath, your vow-that you will give them safe conduct on to another life. This means some danger; you will have to have cryotanks, and you will have to get those souls onto shuttles off-planet. You have to send them to another world to live. But they won’t be able to hurt you. By the time they reach their next planet, your grandchildren will be dead.† Would my conditions mitigate my guilt in this? Only if Doc could be trusted. He was thinking very hard as I explained. I watched his face to see what he would make of my demand. He didn’t look angry, but his eyes were still wild. â€Å"You don’t want us to kill the Seeker?† he guessed. I didn’t answer his question because he wouldn’t understand the answer; I did want them to kill her. That was the whole problem. Instead, I explained further. â€Å"She’ll be the first, the test. I want to make sure, while I’m still here, that you’re going to follow through. I will do the separation myself. When she is safe, I’ll teach you how it’s done.† â€Å"On who?† â€Å"Kidnapped souls. The same as before. I can’t guarantee you that the human minds will come back. I don’t know if the erased can return. We’ll see with the Seeker.† Doc blinked, processing something. â€Å"What do you mean, while you are still here? Are you leaving?† I stared at him, waiting for the realization to hit. He stared back, uncomprehending. â€Å"Don’t you realize what I’m giving you?† I whispered. Finally, comprehension slammed home in his expression. I spoke quickly, before he could. â€Å"There’s something else I’m going to ask you for, Doc. I don’t want to†¦ I won’t be shipped off to another planet. This is my planet, it truly is. And yet, there’s really no place for me here. So†¦ I know it might†¦ offend some of the others. Don’t tell them if you think they won’t allow it. Lie if you have to. But I’d like to be buried by Walt and Wes. Can you do that for me? I won’t take up much space.† I smiled weakly again. No! Melanie was howling. No, no, no, no†¦ â€Å"No, Wanda,† Doc objected, too, with a shocked expression. â€Å"Please, Doc,† I whispered, wincing against the protest in my head, which was getting louder. â€Å"I don’t think Wes or Walt will mind.† â€Å"That’s not what I meant! I can’t kill you, Wanda. Ugh! I’m so sick of death, so sick of killing my friends.† Doc’s voice caught in a sob. I put my hand on his thin arm, rubbed it. â€Å"People die here. It happens.† Kyle had said something to that effect. Funny that I should quote Kyle of all people twice in one night. â€Å"What about Jared and Jamie?† Doc asked in a choked voice. â€Å"They’ll have Melanie. They’ll be fine.† â€Å"Ian?† Through my teeth. â€Å"Better off without me.† Doc shook his head, wiping at his eyes. â€Å"I need to think about this, Wanda.† â€Å"We don’t have long. They won’t wait forever before they kill the Seeker.† â€Å"I don’t mean about that part. I agree to those terms. But I don’t think I can kill you.† â€Å"It’s all or none, Doc. You have to decide right now. And†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I realized I had one more demand. â€Å"And you can’t tell anyone else about the last part of our agreement. No one. Those are my terms, take them or leave them. Do you want to know how to remove a soul from a human body?† Doc shook his head again. â€Å"Let me think.† â€Å"You already know the answer, Doc. This is what you’ve been searching for.† He just kept shaking his head slowly back and forth. I ignored that symbol of denial because we both knew his choice was made. â€Å"I’ll get Jared,† I said. â€Å"We’ll make a quick raid for cryotanks. Hold off the others. Tell them†¦ tell them the truth. Tell them I’m going to help you get the Seeker out of that body.† How to cite The Host Chapter 50: Sacrificed, Essay examples

Utilitarianism V. Kantianism Essays - Kantianism,

Utilitarianism V. Kantianism Ethics can be defined as the conscious reflection on our moral beliefs with the aim of improving, extending or refining those beliefs in some way. (Dodds, Lecture 2) Kantian moral theory and Utilitarianism are two theories that attempt to answer the ethical nature of human beings. This paper will attempt to explain how and why Kantian moral theory and Utilitarianism differ as well as discuss why I believe Kants theory provides a more plausible account of ethics. Immanuel Kants deonotological ethical theory assesses if actions are moral based on the persons will or intention of acting. Kants theory can be categorized as a deonotological because actions are not assessed to be morally permissible on the basis of consequences they produce, but rather on the form of the agents will in acting, (Dodds, Lecture 7) therefore his actions are based on duty and not consequential. Kantianism is based on three principles: maxims, willing, and the categorical imperative. Kant states that a maxim is a general rule or principle which will explain what a person takes himself to be doing and the circumstances in which he takes himself to be doing it (Feldman, 1999, 201). It is important that this principle be universalisable and that the maxim can be applied consistently to everyone that encounters similar situations, therefore willed as a universal law. The second aspect of Kants theory is willing. This involves the agent consistently committing oneself to ma ke an action occur. He states that, In general, we can say that a person wills inconsistently if he wills that p be the case and he wills that q be the case and its impossible for p and q to be the case together (Feldman, 1999, 203). The last aspect of Kants theory is the categorical imperative. The importance of the categorical imperative is that one must act in such a way that they can will that the maxim behind ones actions can be conceived as part of the universal law. The maxim has to be consistent and able to be applied to every situation, for every person. The other main point of Kantian moral theories are the differences between imperfect and perfect duties. Perfect duties are those duties that one must always perform in a particular situation, whereas imperfect duties are those that one must perform only when the situation arises. Utilitarianism is another theory in which its main objective is to explain the nature of ethics and morality. Utilitarianism is an ethical theory which is based upon utility, or doing that which produces the greatest happiness. According to a utilitarian the morality of act is found just if the consequence produces the greatest overall utility for everyone. However, if the greatest possible utility is not produced, the action is then morally wrong. This view says that a person should act as to produce the greatest overall happiness and pleasure for everyone who may be directly or indirectly affected by the action. Therefore, a utilitarian would require that for every action the corresponding consequences for every action should be thoroughly weighed and alternatives proposed before deciding whether or not to perform such an action. Kantian moral theory and Utilitarianism are similar in the respect that they both attempt to explain how one can go about acting ethically, however they differ in areas of measuring morality and their usage of rules. Both Kant and Mills measure morality in different ways. Kantianism says that an act is deemed moral for two reasons: if it done for the sake of duty and if its maxim can be willed as a universal law. If one completes an action based on their duty to perform, they do the right thing because it is what they feel they ought to do as their duty. Therefore, this act would be considered morally just. Utilitarianism, on the other hand, would only see the act as morally permissible if the consequences of that action produce maximum utility and happiness for all involved. The two theories also differ in the ways in which rules are applied. Kantian moral theory values the universal law and maxims as its guide for how people should act in a given situation. Maxims describe some