1980 Presidential Campaign free essay sample

Examines reasons why Carter lost Reagan won. Looks at their styles, personalities, political rhetoric, issues and voter responses. In the 1980 presidential elections, Ronald Reagan trounced incumbent president Jimmy Carter in the biggest defeat of a president since Franklin D. Roosevelt overwhelmed Herbert Hoover in 1932. Though the American economy was in poor shape in 1980, the problems did not begin to approach the scale of the Great Depression, for which Hoover had been blamed. Nor can President Carters ill-timed problems with foreign affairs receive all of the blame for his defeat. These factors played major roles in the election, but it was the sharp contrast between the candidates, in terms of ideas, images and campaigns, that resulted in the defeat of an incumbent president, and the election of one of the most popular leaders in American history. In all of these areas, Carters failures were met by Reagans successes. Carter was trapped by his 1976 campaign promises. We will write a custom essay sample on 1980 Presidential Campaign or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page .

Business Law Essay

Business Law Essay Business Law Essay Nature and Terminology Contract law - the formation and keeping of promises-legally binding Source of contract law-common law-except where modified or replaced by statutory law -UCC -sale or lease of goods, checks or administrative law Two parties Promissor - making the promise - PR Promissee - person to whom the prime is made - PE Contract - agreement between two parties (or more) is legally binding, agree to perform or refrain from performing an act now or in the future Objective theory of contacts - element of intent is very important - judged by outward objective facts - as interpreted by a reasonable person standard Objective - One answer, subjective - multiple answers Three factors What the party said How the party acted or appeared Circumstances surrounding the transaction Elements (Requirements) Agreement - Need an offer and an acceptance (more in chapter 12) Consideration - Must be supported by legally sufficient bargained for value (more in chapter 13) Contractual capacity - must have this (age, sober, lack mental capacity) (more in chapter 14) Legality - must be (contract’s purpose) to accomplish a goal that is legal and not v. public policy (more in chapter 14) Let’s assume we meet all four requirements - possible defenses Voluntary consent - both parties agreed (more in chapter 15) Contract must be in a form with respect to whatever the law requires (more in chapter 16) Contract classification Bilateral contract v. unilateral contact Bilateral - Promise for a promise eg one part offeror makes a promise, offered may accept by promising to perform, contract exist at the moment promise made Unilateral contract if the offer can accept the offer by performance (promise for performance)- contract exist moment contract is performed Potential problem - PR attempts to revoke (take back) the offer after the PE began performance Present view - offer to perform becomes irrevocable once performance has begun Formal v. informal Formal - contact that requires special forms or method or formation, to be enforceable Informal - simple contract - no special form is required Express v. Implied Express - specific terms of agreement are fully and explicitly stated in words, oral, or written Implied - contract is implied from the conduct of the parties For implied, need three elements P must furnish some service or property P expected to be paid for that service or property and D knew or should have known that payment was expected D had chance to reject the services or property and did not Executed v. executory Executed - fully performed by both parties Executory - not fully performed by both parties Contract enforceability Valid contact- one that has all four elements Voidable contract- valid contract, one of the parties may be able to avoid the contract at their option (or both) can avoid it or ratify it Minor - contact may be unenforceable because of certain legal defense Void contract - not a contract at all, no legal obligation to any Business Law Essay Business Law Essay Business Law Law- the body of rules that can be enforced by the courts or by other government agencies. Sophisticated Client- Person who understands the role of a lawyer and knows when to represent himself/herself and when to get the help of a lawyer. They understand the cost associated with a lawyer and how the process works. Legal Aid- Legal help for people who cannot afford a lawyer. Civil Law- A list of codes that judges apply to cases. Common Law- Law based on past decisions made by the courts with regard to cases with similar circumstances. Stare Desists- â€Å"To stand by previous decisions† Law of equity- A system of law in which the rule of presidents was not followed every case is treated as a new one. Statute- A law passed by properly constituted legislative body. â€Å"Parliament† Paramount- When provincial and federal laws conflict the federal law will prevail. Chapter 4 Tort- Civil wrong, it occurs when one person causes injury to another person, harming his or her person, property or reputation. Vicious liability- An employer may be held responsible for torts committed by employees while on the job. 1. Intentional torts- Torts done on purpose, deliberate torts. 2. Assault- both the actual striking of a person (battery) of the threat of striking a person (assault) Defences A. Consent- the victim gives permission for the action to take place. B. Self-defence- reasonable force being used to protect one’s self, people under the care of a person or the person’s property. C. Lawful Authority- some people have the right to administer disciplinary action to others. 3. Trespass to land- involves someone who goes onto another person property without having the lawful right of the owner’s permission to do so. 4. False imprisonment- occurs when people are restrained against their will and the person doing the restraining has no lawful authority to do so. 5. Private nuisance- anyone who carries out an action that interferes with the use and enjoyment of another person’s property. 6. Defamation- A statement that ruins or lowers the reputation of another person. The statement can be oral or spoken (slander) or written, printed (libel). Defences of Defamation 1. Truth 2. Privilege- A defence which allows certain people in certain situations to make untrue statements without incurring liability for defamation. (Statements made imperilment and provincial legislation) 3. Qualified privilege- allows certain people not to be liable for defamation if it occurs in the course of the job duty. 4. Fair comment- when people put their work up before public viewing, they invite criticism. Chapter 5 Unintentional torts- the inflection of a wrong though careless conduct Reasonable person test- what would a reasonable person do in the same situation. A: A duty to exercise care must exist B: Breach of the standard of care C and D: Causation and damages Misfeasance- when a person acts in a social undesirable way. The courts will likely provide compensation or remedy. Nonfeasance- when a person fails to do something unless it is their duty, courts are not likely to provide compensation. Plaintiff- The person doing the suing Defendant- The person being sued Res-ipsa-loquitor- Instead of the plaintiff proving that negligence acquired, the defendant must prove that negligence did not acquire it has been abolished in Canada. Prima facie- The plaintiff has proven their case from the facts that negligence has acquired. Dangerous premises- The occupier of land or property is responsible for keeping is safe for people who come on to it. People that come onto another person’s property can be divided into three categories. 1. Invitee- any business visitors (salesperson) 2. Licensee- anybody who enters a person’s property without permission. The occupier is not responsible to keep the place safe for this group; however the occupier is not allowed to intentionally

CSR can sometimes be good for the companie's profit margins but Essay

CSR can sometimes be good for the companie's profit margins but sometimes not - Essay Example Studies on corporate performance of different companies show â€Å"a positive correlation between a company’s financial performance and how it practices CSR† (Horrigan 2010: 273). According to a Harvard University study, companies which had a sense of CSR showed four times the growth rate compared to companies focusing primarily on profit maximization (Fernando 2009: 11). Often when employers are unable to achieve a raise in profit margins, they blame it on CSR rather than on incorrect implementation. Also, CSR may not prove to be advantageous for a company when certain obstacles like â€Å"lack of awareness and conviction among managers† (Fernando 2009: 11) are not removed which can quite effectively drag a business down, so timely identification of any obstacles is highly important for reaching desired targets. It is argued that when integrated into business model, sometimes CSR leads to better financial performance and overall reputation while at other times i t simply may not. This essay basically aims at contemplating the extent to which CSR can prove to be effective for a company’s profit margins and what relevant literature has to say on the subject when CSR does not help in improving the financial position of a company. CSR is a broad ideology and covers all responsibilities and obligations that companies or organizations owe to the society in which they operate at any point in time (Crane 2008: 201-202). It helps to ensure that business is being operated in a manner which complies with both local ethical standards and international norms. CSR basically operates out of this philosophical idea that companies can and should operate ethically (Miller & Jentz 2007: 68). It works by inculcating this sense in the employers’ or managers’ minds that all kinds of business activities should inflict a positive influence on the employees, consumers, stakeholders, communities, and environment. When the idea of social responsi bility in relation to business activities first made appearance in the business world in the late 1960s, it was considered controversial by many (Karake-Shalhoub 1999: xi). It is believed that despite a growing body of research identifying association of CSR with enhanced financial performance and organizational reputation, this business model still remains a controversial subject and continues to attract a large collection of opponents who argue that the whole concept of CSR is virtually irrelevant to business success (Freeman & Liedtka cited in Asongu 2007: 27). It is this conflict regarding the efficacy of CSR which will be discussed and scrutinized in the essay to determine the extent to which it could be related to business growth and sustained development and the extent to which those who argue against its credibility could be taken seriously. There is also a large percentage of people who despite knowing that CSR is not irrelevant to business still think that this is a bad id ea to be incorporated into the organizational framework (Banhegyi 2007: 325). However, it is increasingly believed that CSR encourages a business organization to identify all members of the society who may be considered as stakeholders and then incorporate their needs into the strategic decision-making process (University of Miami cited in Asongu 2007: 28) so as to strengthen the relationship between business and the community in which it is based.

The effect of Value-Added Activity Based Costing and Economic Value Essay

The effect of Value-Added Activity Based Costing and Economic Value Added Measure and their impact on Process Improvement & Busi - Essay Example Though ‘True Cost’ in any situation is fraught with so many uncertainties, by and large the efforts made in its ascertainment paved way for efficient and alternative management practices with improved results. An introspective analysis might reveal that no Value Added Measure circumventing this basic philosophy can make a headway in process improvement or business profitability, for the simple reason that all the value added measures hinges primarily on productivity, which could be addressed properly only through revisit of the approaches to the ‘value’, which predominantly depends on reasonably accurate calculation of the cost of production. Economic Value Added Measures Economic value addition (EVA) is generally discussed with reference to the financial performance, and acts as a complementary tool in the measurement of the performance in a broader perspective, keeping in line with the expectations of the stakeholders, where the finer details of the cost i s not perceived as important as in the case of management practices of ABC. ... iency in the operations, EVA needs to be integrated with ABC in the long run, because the later is related to the factors not directly related to ‘cost’ but scores of other factors such as alternative investments, competition, government policies and international events, which nevertheless influences cost. Cost Management Cost management is the basic underlying factor for the success of a business. Hilton, Maher & Selto (2008, p. 5) states, â€Å"Cost management is important to organizations because it is more than measuring and reporting costs that have occurred. Cost management is focused on the future impacts of current or proposed decisions. Cost management is a philosophy, an attitude, and a set of techniques to create more value at lower cost†. Computation of direct (or variable cost) of material or labor is relatively simpler. But, in the modern business enterprises and in the society, the increase in the proportion of other costs over the period of time w hich hitherto have been considered as fixed and uncontrollable assumed significance, since the controllability of such costs could not be overlooked in a competitive environment. Vazakidis, Karagiannis & Tsialta (2010, p. 382) state, â€Å"The use of this method [ABC] with the cooperation of new technologies and new methods of management, can resolve all the deficiencies of Public Sector, so as citizens and companies will be better served†. Fundamentals of Activity Based Costing Hilton, Maher & Stelto (2008, p 148) state that â€Å"Studies of company practices indicate that a large number of companies, as well as some organizations in the public sector, are using ABC. Some companies have tried ABC and dropped it. Reasons for this include its implementation cost. In the case of Hewlett-Packard division that one

Ecology and sustainability Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Ecology and sustainability - Assignment Example Nutrients present in the soil, are destroyed by the acidity. Useful micro organisms which release nutrients from decaying organic matter, into the soil are killed off, resulting in less nutrients being available for the plants. The acid rain, falling on the plants damages the waxy layer on the leaves and makes the plant vulnerable to diseases. Acid rain erodes limestone and carbonate stones which are used as building materials upon acid deposition. Though stainless steel and aluminum are more resistant to acid rain, other materials such as carbon-steel, nickel, zinc, copper, paint, and some plastics, paper, leather, and textiles are vulnerable to corrosion by acid rain. b.1. Clean Air Act amendments required that power plants make significant cuts in sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides emissions (by installing "scrubbers" in their smokestacks and switching to low-sulfur coal.) b.2 Through the market-based allowance trading system, utilities regulated under the Acid Rain Program decide the most cost-effective way to use available resources to comply with the requirements of the Clean Air Act. Utilities can reduce emissions by employing energy conservation measures, increasing reliance on renewable energy, reducing usage, employing pollution control technologies, switching to lower sulfur fuel, or developing other alternate strategies. Dobson unit (DU) - One Dobson unit represents the amount of atmospheric ozone that would form a uniform layer 0.01 millimeter (10 micrometers) thick at standard temperature (0 Â °C) and pressure (1 atmosphere or 1013.25 millibars). Because they do not contain chlorine or bromine, HFCs do not deplete the ozone layer (ODP = 0). Some HFCs have high GWPs and are revealed as extremely powerful greenhouse gases which could account for up to 19% of global warming by 2050. It either percolates into the ground and in turn contaminates the groundwater or is discharged into the natural drainage system causing pollution in

Recruitment Policies in IKEA

Recruitment Policies in IKEA Scenario: Human, physical, technological and financial resources are at the core of every organisation. The efficient management of these resources enable organisations to achieve their objectives. Also, for an organisation to survive, its finances need to be sound and secure, and the level of an organisations performance can be seen in its financial statements. A poor management of resources can have a negative impact on an organisations performance. You just been appointed as HR manager of newly opened IKEA in London and as part of your role, you have to recruit 7 sales assistants, undertake the following tasks in relation to the above: 1. Describe the recruitment documentation used in Ikea. 2. Describe the main employability, personal and communication skills required when applying for the job role of Sales Assistant in Ikea. 3. Describe the main physical and technological resources required in the operation of Ikea. 4. Describe sources of internal and external finance for the business of Ikea 5. Interpret the contents of a trading and profit and loss account and balance sheet for Ikea 6. Illustrate the use of budgets as a means of exercising financial control of Ikea. 7. Illustrate the financial state of Ikea. Summary of the unit: Business resources encompass different types of resources like human resources, financial, technological and physical. Proper human resources team can bring a good result in achieving a companys objective and success. In terms of financial management and financial control, is playing an important role in establishing a company. Besides this, business plan will assist and guide to where a company will go in present and in future. Overall, a good combination of business resources will bring success for any establishment of business. Introduction and Background of the organisation, companies or businesses:   IKEA Introduction IKEA is a private and known home furnishing company. Also it is an international home products retailer that sells flat pack furniture, accessories and kitchen items in their retail stores around the world. Mainly this company is pioneer in flat pack design furniture at affordable prices, is now the worlds largest furniture retailer. There are main chains of IKEA. The chain has 301 stores in 37 countries, most of them in Europe, North America, Asia and Australia. Background IKEA was founded in 1943 by 17 year old Ingvar Kamprad in Sweden and it is owned by a Dutch registered foundation controlled by the Kamprad family. The name IKEA comes from the initials of Ingvar Kamprad, I and K, plus the first letters of Elmtaryd and Agunnaryd, which are the names of the farm and village where he grew up. The headquarters of IKEA is in Netherlands. IKEA owns and operates 384 stores in 48 countries. IKEAs mission, vision and purposes: IKEAs main passion to work hard to achieve quality at affordable prices for the customers through optimising the entire value chain, by building long-term supplier relationships, investing in highly automated production and producing large volumes. The vision of IKEA also goes beyond home furnishing. They want to create a better thing for all people from this business. Mission: IKEAs mission is to offer a wide range of home furnishing items of good design and function, excellent quality and durability, at prices so low that the majority of people can afford to buy them. Vision: The IKEA vision is the foundation for its growth strategy. to create a better everyday life for the many people. To meet this vision IKEA provides many well designed and functional product for the home. Objectives: IKEAs business strategy focuses on growth in three main areas: Quality products at low prices through its unique design processes A sustainable future through its people and planet positive approach Also co-workers are essential in growth strategy Size of Business: In the IKEA Group, they have 328 stores in 28 countries (as of 31 August, 2015). Products range is about 9500. Around 1,002 home furnishing suppliers in 51 countries. 59% of IKEA production is in Europe.   Only in Europe there are 222 stores. Excluding the stores, at the end of FY15 they had 27 Trading Service Offices in 23 countries, 33 Distri ­bution Centres and 15 Customer Distribution Centres in 17 coun ­tries, and 43 IKEA Industry pro ­duction units in 11 countries. Corporate Structure: The IKEA corporate structure is divided into two main parts: operations and franchising. Most of IKEAs furniture, including the management of majority stores, the design and manufacture, purchasing and supply functions are overseen by INGKA holdings. Group franchises the IKEA retail system from Inter IKEA Systems B.V. in the Netherlands. Inter IKEA Systems B.V. is the owner of the IKEA Concept and the worldwide IKEA franchisor. The IKEA Group of companies (INGKA Holding B.V. and its controlled entities) has an ownership structure that ensures independence and a long-term approach. The IKEA Group operates throughout the whole value chain from range strategy and product development to production, distribution and retails. IKEA Group of companies Stakeholders: The key stakeholders in a company impacted positive or negatively. As IKEA is not a primary sector organization but it needs raw materials to develop its products. Hence primary sector suppliers, manufacturer for secondary sector are the stakeholders of IKEA. The key stakeholders of IKEA are the customers and employees, both are considered main stakeholders. Besides this, suppliers, internal employees, trade union, managers, owners, shareholders play an important role. Type of ownership IKEA is actually a privately held company owned by Stichting INGKA Foundation, a non-profit registered in Leiden in the Netherlands that is controlled by the Kamprads three sons. IKEA Limited is licensed to sell under the IKEA brand name by Inter IKEA Systems B.V., a company registered in the Netherlands. IKEAs Company Structure The structure of business can affect the way it works and performs. An organisational structure is when employees are grouped into functional areas, which relate to their job, so that people doing similar jobs work in the same area. Inter IKEA Group (Inter IKEA Holding B.V. and all its subsidiaries) is owned by Interogo Foundation, based in Liechtenstein and established in 1989.   Ã‚   The foundation is an independent entity with legal personality and its own governing bodies. The foundation exists for an unlimited period of time. Inter IKEA and Interogo were established during the 1980s to secure independence and longevity of the IKEA Concept. The IKEA Concept is the core asset of Inter IKEA Group and its franchisor operation. The overall purpose of Inter IKEA Group is to secure continuous improvement, development, expansion and a long life of the IKEA Concept. This will require investments in both good and bad times. 1. Describe the recruitment documentation used in Ikea. There are different types of documentation used in recruitment process, such as application letter, form, CV, person specification, interview, JD, Letter of appointment. The details are as follows: Application Letter A letter of application, also known as cover letter, is a job application document to provide detailed information of the candidate. The employers will able to know in which position a candidate apply for and why the employer will select the candidate. When writing an application letter should include: subject, greetings, body of letter and signature. Application Form An application form is an essential part of the job search for a candidate to fill for the company so that they can get the information they want. In addition, many large commercial companies are use standard job application form because they are much quicker and time saving. CV of a candidate A curriculum vita is a written overview of a persons experience and other qualifications. Businesses will use application forms and CVs to see whether an applicant matches the job specification or not. The closest matching applicants are invited to interviews in the selection stage. Interview: Interviews are the most popular form of selection. Interview can be one-to-one, two-to-one or a panel of people to interview people which is used to select people for important jobs. Some businesses include tests in their selection. Person specification: The person specification is the single most important document in effective recruitment and selection. It allows defining the kind of person a company want and so accordingly helps you to write an accurate job advert. It enables to assess each candidate fairly and objectively. Recruitment process of IKEA The traditional methods of job vacancies are to make people aware of the need to compete with the recruitment web-based systems. Traditional methods: newspaper advertising, paper-based curriculum vitae (CV), letter, word of mouth, the paper-based application form, job opportunities and the fair poster. Internet-based methods: online application form, online Curriculum Vitae, e-mail, Internet advertising, Curriculum Vitae information on the web page, the web page of the working group and the pop-up Web page. Online Recruitment is much faster than traditional methods and has a number of benefits over using paper. It is possible to monitor how many people have gone on to a website to look at a job. But each and every company has followed its own recruitment process. IKEAs recruitment process runs like following. First of all if anybody is interested in working in IKEA, he/she has to go through a list of open positions. If any post are suitable or challenging and moreover if he/she meet the requirements, apply via a button directly in an advertisement. If there is no open position interesting for a person but want to work in IKEA, send the CV to IKEA. IKEA will give an e-mail answer about receiving the request or CV in both cases. Then IKEA management will assess delivered applications then and choose from applicants several most suitable candidates for the particular job position. After that a formal invitation sent to the candidates via e-mail or phone to participate in a selection process. How a selection process runs Selection process usually consists of three rounds. First of them is assessment centre, second one is a personal interview with a future manager and third one is a personal interview with a boss of this manager. Assessment centre Assessment centre is a way to know more about their future colleagues when they are solving different tasks and discuss with others. There are about 10 applicants participating. Both group tasks which a person will solve together with other participants and individual tasks are included. The great advantage is that candidate can get a feedback from one of the assessors if he/she wants to. They can know about their own strengths and weaknesses important for the career, where the advantage lies for a candidate and where they can improve. Second round Two or three candidates who pass to the second round are chosen based on the assessment centre results. The second round is a personal interview with a future manager. Usually IKEA personnel do not ask tricky questions. They appreciate the most candidates honesty. They could ask to fill in a personal test as a part of the interview. If you want to ask anything about the future job, this is the right time to ask. 3. Personal interview The third round is a personal interview between the most suitable candidate and the boss of the persons future manager, so called grandparent principle. IKEA are also interested in a candidates motivation to work in IKEA in this phase and what expectation he/she has. JOB ROLE: HR Manager As a HR Manager I need to set some criteria regarding the scope of work within the organisation. IKEA always look for the following things within a candidate and thus they issue job description. This is a task of a HR manager. The manager should be aligned with other departments during the process of recruitment. Practical skills Ability to understand and get along with other people Ability to ask questions and give inputs Encouraged employees to question the management and express their ideas and belief Co-workers who had mastered their current jobs were encouraged to seek new challenges Job enlargement or enrichment Value fit was the selection criteria Why Savers- ideas to improve store The company even gave an advertisement inviting Why Savers to join the company Express Yourself- share companies concerns and complaints with Spiers Lopez This improved the morale within the company as she responded to their complaints personally It had a comprehensive communications system for employees like IKEA Radio and intranet. It also reached employees through printed material as well Job description: This document provides an understanding of the positions major responsibilities, details how the responsibilities are accomplished, and identifies the knowledge, skills and abilities necessary to perform the job. In the organization a job description sets out the scope of work of the main responsibilities and the main tasks to be done. A job description is needed to set out how to fit into the work structure a particular employee. So it sets out: The title of the job To whom the employee is responsible For whom the employee is responsible 2. Describe the main employability, personal and communication skills required when applying for the job role of Sales Assistant in Ikea. IKEA is an equal opportunity employer. IKEA does not discriminate in recruitment, hiring or terms or conditions of employment on the basis of race, religious creed, colour, age, sex, gender identity, genetic information, sexual orientation, national origin, religion, marital status, medical condition, physical or mental disability, military service, pregnancy, childbirth and related medical conditions, or any other classification protected by federal, state, and local laws and ordinances. IKEA called all its employees, regardless of rank, coworkers. To promote open communication, IKEA adopted a structure with no hierarchical distinctions. Employees were encouraged to express their opinions and ideas directly to the top management. Employees were rewarded with high level of empowerment. Cost consciousness was deeply embedded in IKEAs culture. IKEAs culture promoted diversity. Openness to change and adaptability were stressed at IKEA. Week-long orientation program in Sweden on the IKEA WAY An IKEA co-workers main task is to maximize sales and profitability in his/her area of responsibility using knowledge of the IKEA product range, local market conditions and the needs of customers. Candidate employability skills required when applying for the job role of Sales Assistant in Ikea include: Suitable qualification and experience in same role which helps to maximize sales and profitability by ensuring area of responsibility. Knowledge of product or services are required for the job role of Sales Assistant in Ikeato provide the company best sales performance. Need to share knowledge with customers and colleagues. Experience of specific industry will help to provide best input for a company Preparing area of responsibility for stock replenishment and next days business. Ability to observe and raise professional standards of production/service delivery. Candidate personal and professional skills required when applying for the job role of Sales Assistant in Ikea include: Patience and hardworking are the key elements in sales profession. Self-confidence about approaching and talking to people in a polite and friendly manner. Able to work with others in a team. Flexible approach to work and are open to change. Should have an interest in home furnishing and peoples everyday life at home. Ability to priorities and organize assigned work to make efficient use of time. Negotiation skills in sales work enhance the development in career Agreed with the sales target is a reflection of confidence Able to resolving conflicts 3. Describe the main physical and technological resources required in the operation of Ikea. Physical Resources Physical and technological resources are always required in the operation of a company. Whether these resources are physical resources, such as property, equipment and materials, or less tangible human resources, emergency provision, insurance and security, money is required to pay for their use. As a result, the management of finance is inseparable from the management of the business as a whole. Land, Labour, Capital and Enterprise are also referred to as the Factors of production. Physical resources of IKEA include machines which are used to fill the stock in self-serve and full serve areas are checked and charged daily. Physical Resources used in IKEA include: Buildings and Facilities IKEA has expanded its product base to include flat-pack houses and apartments, in an effort to cut prices involved in a first-time buyers home. The IKEA product, named BoKlok was launched in Sweden in 1996 in a joint venture with Skanska. Now working in the Nordic countries and in the UK, sites confirmed in England include London, Ashton-under-Lyne, Leeds, Gateshead, Warrington and Liverpool. The Ikea store on Yas Island will have a total floor area of 32,000 square meters and a sales area of 19,150 square meters. It will have a restaurant of 2,100 square meters with a seating capacity of 550, as well as 1,500 parking places. Yas Island store are providing a strong impetus for the Swedish furniture and Furnishings Company to push ahead with plans to expand in the region. Materials and Waste IKEA will need to make sure that all of their stores have the right amount of their products in the store to keep up with the demand of the customers buying them. In the warehouse, IKEA will need to make sure that they have the materials stored in a format where they are easily accessible so they can be made into the products being sold. IKEA needs to get rid of their waste and therefore may ask the government to help them with this. Plant and Machinery: Physical resources of IKEA like machines which are used to fill the stock in self-serve and full serve areas are checked and charged daily. The machines, building and production capacity are all well maintained to survive in retail business. They need to improve on POS terminal at exchange and returns where there have been cases of money laundering. Employees have stolen money and caught after many days. So these things need to be taken care of from the management and finance department. This leads to decrease in profits. IKEA Dubai has more than 300 employees from different nationalities and regularly they are given training in their training centre. Expert professors and managers give them training to increase employee knowledge of products and increase skills at their work. Equipment including ICT IKEAs IT facility is related with the other resources within and outside this company.   The company is planning to launch a new website, ikeabusiness.com, where small business owners can discover new ideas for designing their offices and share them with other entrepreneurs. Families can design their kitchens at IKEA Home planning service where once they design their kitchen they have to pay 500Dhs kitchen charges which is refundable once the customer buys the kitchen. Planned Maintenance and Refurbishment Important feature of IKEA stores is their long opening hours. Many stores are in operation 24 hours a day with restocking and maintenance being carried out throughout the night. Warehouse maintained in planned way. Emergency Provision IKEA have emergency provision in case of an accident and incident. Workers may have an emergency situation in that case after verification, documents provide to IKEA. Insurance The people who are engaged with IKEA FAMILY, they can enjoy free product insurance facility. They can insure their new products against accidental damage on the way home and during assembly by swiping the IKEA family card at the check outs. Security IKEA use the latest security technology to encrypt all personal information which a person submits through the IKEAs website, including card numbers, address and other information. They encrypt this information using SSL technology which allows it to be transmitted securely over the Internet without anyone else having access to it. The machines, building and production capacity are all well maintained to survive in retail business. At IKEA, they want to have a positive impact on people and the planet. Thats why theyre going all-in on things that really matter, from switching their entire lighting range to energy-efficient LED to sourcing all of the cotton they use in their products from more sustainable sources. They are also working towards 100% renewable energy producing as much as they consume in their operations and sourcing all of their wood from more sustainable sources by 2020. And the IKEA Group and IKEA Foundation have made new commitments that add up to $1 billion for climate action. IKEA resources can be classified tangible and intangible. The tangible resources available to the company IKEA, they may differ in Physical and Financial. Within the physical resources, find machinery, which is characterized by modern and specific. Secondly, they have distribution centres, which are computerized and automated hierarchical systems, and finally they have additional shops and services that have standard models, in which they can find special services such as restaurant, day-care and parking. Concerning financial resources, they have used Reinvestment in IKEA as a key resource. There are two types of intangible resources, human and non-human, as nonhuman, can highlight the technology, they find patents according to the composition of materials. Another thing is that IKEA has a unique company culture, since the vision, mission and values are present in every business process, plus annual management meetings are held to improve all business activities. Finally they find organisational resources, which are business ideas. Regarding human intangible resources, they can cover in this area to permanent workers, average wages and high standards of the company. Technological resources include operation systems and tools required to effectively produce or create a product or service. These include energy, information, people, tools, machines, capital and time. Technological resources help production processes and service delivery in companies and organizations. The main Technological resources required in the operation of Ikea include the following: intellectual property, for example designs, drawings, text, music, video Having the right type of intellectual property protection helps people to stop anybody stealing or copying: the names of products or brands inventions the design or look of the products things the company write, make or produce Copyright, patents, designs and trademarks are all types of intellectual property protection. So IKEA have their own design, drawing for their furniture. accumulated experience and skills; The accumulated experience is what people have gained over years of working. Employees with more experience are likely to better than new employees. Also there should be enough people with the skills to carry out the operations in the business. At IKEA they believe in people. Behind every product are humble, enthusiastic teams that make it possible. They offer exceptional career and learning possibilities. They encourage a person to try different roles, change between functions and even move abroad. A Person can design their own career path according to their development plan and future goals. IKEA believe in everyones ability to develop. Because as a person grow, IKEA grows too. software licences There are many businesses that they have to invest their money into specialists software programmes so that they can operate properly. They have their own software module which consists of various software and material for which the intellectual property rights are vested in companies in the IKEA group. protection via patents and copyrights IKEA can use their money to protect their technological resources, but they can also use legislation to protect their ideas that they have come up with and they will need to be able to prove that their idea has been used without permission. 4. Describe sources of internal and external finance for the business of Ikea Mainly IKEA is a privately owned company, hence they are not bound to disclose their financial information in the form of GPFRs i.e. balance sheets and PL statements. Therefore they only disclosed limited amount of information to the public. Objectives of financial management profitability, growth, efficiency, liquidity, solvency short-term and long-term These objectives remain constant for every business and due to the nature of IKEA efficiency is quite a major component of their management strategy. Also as IKEA is privately run and Ingvar Kamprad is one of the wealthiest men (currently 4th richest) on the planet then it could be easily seen that return on equity is a major financial objective. Inter dependence with other key business function  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   They have their own software module with Influences on financial management Internal sources of finance retained profits External sources of finance Debt: short-term borrowing (overdraft, commercial bills, factoring), long-term borrowing (mortgage, debentures, unsecured notes, leasing) Equity ordinary shares (new issues, rights issues, placements, share purchase plans), private equity Internal owners equity, retained profits Internal sources would be used by IKEA to a certain degree in particular retained profits. As IKEA is not a publicly listed company and is operated through a trust structure, share issue is not particularly relevant to IKEAs current financial structure external short-term borrowing, (overdraft, bank bills), long-term borrowing (mortgage, debentures) leasing, factoring, venture capital, grants. External borrowings through debt financing are much more likely to be used by IKEA. The combination of short and long term would be utilized to maximize advantages to IKEA. Financial institutions banks, investment banks, finance companies, superannuation funds, life insurance companies, unit trusts and the Australian Securities Exchange Influence of government Australian Securities and Investments Commission, company taxation. Global market influences economic outlook, availability of funds, interest rates 5. Interpret the contents of a trading and profit and loss account and balance sheet for Ikea. IKEA produces the financial statement each year for their company. These statement is appear as company report. There are two main financial statement: The profit and loss account The balance sheet The profit and loss account may be updated regularly and shows how much profit or loss a business is making. A profit can be made in several ways, for example; From trading, in the case of a high street shop, i.e. buying and selling items such as home furniture, like IKEA From manufacturing, for example a company like IKEA made affordable prices furniture. It buys raw materials such as wood, bamboo, cane and Jute which helps to processes to make furniture. The top section of a PL account is known as the trading account for a business that buys and sells items e.g. a furniture shop. What is known as the gross profit is calculated by deducting cost of sales from turnover. The Balance Sheet The Balance Sheet is a snapshot taken at a particular moment in time giving a summary of the overall financ

Philosophy as a Contributor to Well-Being :: Paideia Philosophers Essays

Philosophy as a Contributor to Well-Being ABSTRACT: In this essay, I sketch five complementary arenas of concern are set forth as candidates for a cogent contemporary theory of paideia. First, a searching, goal setting form of reflection is central to paideia today even as it was in Hellenistic times. A second contributor to paideia is critical reflection. But, third, reasoning is also connected to embodied activity through feeling. Thus, sensitivity to existential meaning helps people determine what they really want and believe, and it also joins them to the persons, things, and events that matter most to them. Fourth, use of the moral point of view safeguards individuals against wallowing in mere self-indulgence heedless of the welfare of others or of the world as a whole. Finally, only by being open to the complex challenges of the world can a person be receptive to the mysterious dimension of life and discern ultimate priorities. I claim that persons guiding themselves by the five-leveled notion of paideia articulated he re will again experience the power of philosophy to confer well-being upon themselves and the world. The main theme of the Twentieth World Congress of Philosophy, "Paideia: Philosophy Educating Humanity," challenges philosophers to assess what impact philosophy is having and should be having in the world today. The use in the title of the classical term paideia suggests that conference organizers believe that philosophy should have both an beneficial and a broad impact. For implicit in the notion of paideia is the idea that philosophy is a boon bestowing enterprise; in enlightening persons, it improves their well-being. The breadth of impact is suggested by this definition of paideia from Webster's Third New International Dictionary: "The training of the physical and mental faculties in such a way as to produce a broad enlightened mature outlook harmoniously combined with maximum cultural development." I submit that this classical notion remains a worthy ideal expressive of the gifts philosophy can bring humanity. Paideia is cognate to notions of education found in Asian philosophy. Philosophy practiced in the spirit of paideia can indeed be a contributor to human well-being. However, the world today is a vastly different place than the classical world in which the notion of paideia took root. A challenge facing any interpreter of paideia now is to locate considerations which have arisen in the course of philosophical history which deserve to be incorporated into a contemporary theory of paideia.

High School Graduation Essay

Throughout life people go through so many hardships. Whether it be good or bad there is always something that comes out of the situation. One of the most exciting but yet scariest events would be graduation. So it was the day before graduation and we were having our graduation practice. Standing outside in the line alphabetical order me and classmates talked and waited for practice to start. The sun was beating down, the smell of fresh cut grass filled out our nose. We were all just ready to get it over with. Sitting talking with my classmates discussing our future plans. Debating whether or not we will miss high school, but knowing we will definitely miss each other. So finally it came to practice walking across the stage, so the assistant principle called my name and shook my hand and handed me my mini diploma. Then it finally hit me like a speeding express train, I was about to graduate. May 18th 2012, finally it was here the day of my commencement. I can almost remember that day like it was yesterday, I awoke like on any other school day. That day was crazy, I was running errands and preparing for my graduation and after party. So the time had come for me to put on my blue and gold cap and gown with my gold cords which I had worked so hard for. I had so much sense of pride at the moment all I needed was my diploma in my hand. So the final moment had come and it was time to walk the field. The music stared and we proceeded to walk down the field to our seats. Glancing out at the packed stands I could see my family and friends. While waiting for my name to be called, I reminisced on all the good times I’ve had in high school and all the friendships I’ve made. Finally my row was directed to get up and proceed to the stage and my heart was racing. Thinking it was finally over, no more high school. I hear my name called and I hear all of my family and friends screaming and clapping for me and it made everything I had done to achieve the diploma my principle handed me after shaking my hand. As I was walking back to my seat with my diploma I was envisioning that I had just closed one chapter to my life and I was excited to embark or my next journey. Graduation is an exciting time in a person’s life, especially a high school graduation. When I think of family and friends gathering together to celebrate a joyous occasion, I feel I accomplished my strongest goal. It never occurred to me that graduation would be the end of my youth and the start of adulthood. Graduating from high school was an influential event that gave me a new outlook on life.

MUNRO Surname Meaning and Origin

MUNRO Surname Meaning and Origin The Munro surname is usually a Scottish variant of the surname Monroe, with  several possible origins: derived from the Gaelic name Rothach, meaning man from Ro, or someone who came from  the foot of the  River Roe  in County Derry.From bun ,meaning mouth of and roe, meaning a river. In Gaelic the b often becomes an m - hence the surname MUNRO.Possibly a derivation of  Maolruadh, from maol, meaning bald, and ruadh, meaning red or auburn. Surname Origin: Irish, Scottish Alternate Surname Spellings: MUNROE, MUNROW, MUNROSE, MONRO, MONROE Where in the World is the MUNRO Surname Found? Despite originating in Ireland, the Munro surname is most prevalent in England,  according to surname distribution data from Forebears, but ranks higher based on percentage of population in Scotland, where it ranks as the 61st most common surname in the country. Its also fairly common in New Zealand (133rd), Australia (257th), and Canada (437th). In 1881 Scotland, Munro was a very common surname, especially in both Ross and Cromarty and Sutherland, where it ranked 7th, followed by Moray (14th), Caithness (18th), Nairn (21st), and Inverness-shire (21st). WorldNames PublicProfiler  also has the Munro surname as being very popular in New Zealand, as well as throughout Northern Scotland, including the Highlands, Argyll and Bute, the Western Isles, the Orkney Islands, Moray, Aberdeenshire, Angus, Perth and Kinross, South Ayrshire and East Lothian.   Famous People with the Last Name MUNRO H. H. Munro -  British short story author who wrote under the pen name SakiAlexander Munro of Bearcrofts - 17th century Scottish military leaderCharles H. Munro -  Canadian physician and politicianDonald Munro of Foulis - Irish mercenary settler in Scotland;  founder of Clan MunroJames Munro  - 15th  Premier of Victoria, AustraliaWilliam Munro - British botanist Genealogy Resources for the Surname MUNRO Munro DNA ProjectThis DNA project of over 350 members originated with Munro researchers whose ancestors settled in North Carolina. The group wants to become a resource for all Munro researchers worldwide interested in combining DNA testing with genealogical research to identify common Munro ancestors. Clan MunroLearn about the origins of Clan Munro and their family seat at Foulis Castle, plus view a family tree of the chiefs of Clan Munro, and learn  how to join the Clan Munro association. Munro Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Munro  family crest or coat of arms for the Munro surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. FamilySearch - MUNRO  GenealogyExplore over 1.3 million historical records and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Munro surname and its variations on the free FamilySearch website, hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. MUNRO  Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Munro surname. DistantCousin.com - MUNRO Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Munro. MUNRO Genealogy ForumSearch the archives for posts about Munro ancestors, or post your own Munro query. The Munro  Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the popular last name Munro from the website of Genealogy Today. - References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Back toGlossary of Surname Meanings Origins

Problem Court Essay Example

Problem Court Essay Example Problem Court Essay Problem Court Essay Introduction The legal framework that is available in numerous societies is to a great degree multi-faceted in outline and made to permit equity in the assortment of circumstances that happens both in daily situations of people and the government. These multi-faceted legal frameworks come with various benefits and disadvantages. The comprehension of the internal operations of the legal framework assists people comprehends the planning, history and complex details that are included. The court framework is extremely broad and stretches out into an assortment of court types- and this makes it a great deal more viable. For example in The U.S The Federal Court Framework is tasked to act on issues relating to federal law. The U.S Supreme Court framework is the special case that cannot be abrogated as per the U.S Constitution. Benefits The general objective of the western legal framework is to give equity, settle disputes and construe laws inside a given nation. The benefit of current legal frameworks alongside what makes them complex in outline is their capacity to be connected to nations that are to a great degree expansive. Numerous western social orders have populaces that venture into the many millions, therefore a court framework that can be connected over this broad gathering of individuals is all the more helpful at giving equity. Staffing One case of an assignment said to be excessively tedious for a judge, making it impossible to attempt is assessing endless quantities of docs in camera;in some cases in the huge number of pages;to figure out if the benefit has been legitimately asserted. An additional one is a point by point, specialized work that might be important to get ready disclosure anticipates multi-faceted cases. Negatives Cases that are brought under the steady gaze of a sole judge regularly depend absolutely upon the judges watchfulness and conclusion making an adjustment of force that can once in a while prompt to unreasonable effects. Federal judges are basically designated for life in the U.S., which can make clashing interests, the same number of laws change through the span of a lifetime.

Research about Andre Crouch (famous gospel singer) Paper

About Andre Crouch (famous gospel singer) - Research Paper Example He was a vocal arranger for LA recording sessions and was quick to infuse the much needed gospel sounds into the songs. He worked with various artists, perhaps picking their styles to create a unique intonation for his music. His gospel music genius can perhaps be seen by listening to his songs such as He’s Worthy, Can’t Nobody do me like Jesus, Man in the Mirror, The Force behind the Power, and Let the Church say Amen (Jones 83). Besides composing gospel sons, crouch is also the author of the best selling and an award-winning book Playing God: Redeeming the Gift of Power, among other books that have been acclaimed internationally. Andy was the senior editor of Christian today, a magazine that majorly talks about Christianity and perception of people about religion in the contemporary times. He has directed religious documentary videos as well as a number of missionary works all over the world. He served as a senior board member of Fuller Theological Seminary, Christian organization concerned with child exploitation in Southeast Asia and Haiti. He has contributed in a number of articles tackling diverse topics ranging from religion to economy; politics to social warfare. He is rightly referred to as the founder of modern gospel. He did help to bridge the gap between black American and White churches (Reed 23). His signature style is the slow and tuneful gospel music that has mostly be mistaken to be secular. His spiritual growth was inherited from his father, a staunch church founder who greatly influenced Crouch’s spiritual growth Although he is dead, Andrew Crouch will be best remembered for his role in black American gospel music. He influenced Americans in every simple way possible. He was charismatic and perhaps helped to bridge the gap of the racial divide that has been part of American identity for a considerable length of time. He communicated through his song in a unique way than others of others before his time. He

Business Strategy Evaluation and Proposal Essay

Business Strategy Evaluation and Proposal - Essay Example ("Thomson Financial Worldwide† 15) Currently the company has weathered the past years of financial instability in the markets and now needs a aggressively market itself with new trends and outcomes of this market. The sustainability trend is now a permanent component of any corporation and the NASDAQ-OMX Group now needs to align itself with that element. The NASDAQ-OMX Group had run a series of soft-sell ads that helped it enter into an environmentally friendly stance as well as associate it with the companies that have a green intitiatve and are also members of their exchange. The ad campaign was run in 2008 and consisted of several 15-second TV spots that aired on broadcast and Cable channels. While having the twin benefit of supporting the companies it does business with, the actual impact of the ads for either partner was minimal. The ads themselves were both short and somewhat esoteric so that the viewer may not only have missed the companies associated with it but completely misunderstood the message intended. They have also marketed the NASDAQ OMX CRD Global Sustainability 50 Index which is one of the more green initiatives in the stock markets at the moment. The campaign would have worked better with more direct association. During the past two years the economic crisis has been felt by all sectors, but especially in the financial reporting and indices markets. However, while 2008 was a critical year your company certainly held its own and showed less of a percentage downturn than most other reporting indices. The following graph illustrates a stable stock price from October 2008 to January 2010. This is the indication of an extremely stable company that had pulled in the reigns and was able to get through the storm. However, as you can see by the following chart showing net profit for the past four years, the boom in 2007 has tapered off to a holding pattern in 2008 and 2009. Samples of the